Cara Mengetahui Informasi Hardware Pada Linux

bagi anda sysadmin, noc, IT support bahkan penghuni kulkas di datacenter. tentu tidak asing dengan produk hardware terbaru. terkadang kita lupa untuk mencatat aset dari server yang kita gunakan. lalu, bagaimana cara mengetahui informasi hardware jika server yang telah kita pakai terlalu sungkan untuk di restart atau shutdown?
jika anda pengguna linux, tentu anda tidak asing lagi dengan tools bernama dmidecode.

apa itu dmidecode?
dmidecode adalah alat untuk dumping sebuah komputer DMI (beberapa mengatakan SMBIOS) isi tabel dalam suatu format yang dapat dibaca. Tabel ini berisi deskripsi komponen perangkat keras sistem, serta potongan berguna informasi lain seperti nomor seri dan revisi BIOS. Berkat tabel ini, Anda dapat mengambil informasi ini tanpa harus memelototi isi PC dengan mudah ataupun harus restart untuk masuk ke BIOS.
dmidecode

Cara Mengetahui Informasi Hardware Pada Linux

RAM info
1. sebagai contoh kita ingin mengetahui informasi ram secara detail

root@fx:~# dmidecode -t 17
 dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.6 present.
        
Handle 0x0052, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x003E
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 8192 MB
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_C1
        Bank Locator: NODE 0 CHANNEL 3 DIMM 0
        Type: DDR3
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 1600 MHz
        Manufacturer: Kingston        
        Serial Number: C904F58B  
        Asset Tag: Unknown         
        Part Number: 9965525-055.A00LF 
        Rank: 2
        
Handle 0x004C, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x003E
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_B1
        Bank Locator: NODE 0 CHANNEL 2 DIMM 0
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: NO DIMM         
       Serial Number: NO DIMM   
        Asset Tag: Unknown         
        Part Number: NO DIMM           
        Rank: Unknown

2. atau mengetahui maksimal ram yang bisa diupgrade pada motherboard anda

root@fx:~# dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.6 present.

Handle 0x003E, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
        Maximum Capacity: 256 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

Handle 0x0058, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
        Maximum Capacity: 256 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

3. mengetahui informasi bios

root@fx:~# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
        Version: 6.00
        Release Date: 12/06/2006
        Address: 0xE78A0
        Runtime Size: 100192 bytes
        ROM Size: 64 kB
        Characteristics:
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
                PNP is supported
                APM is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                USB legacy is supported
                Smart battery is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported

3. Informasi Manufacturer, Model dan Serial Number

[root@tecmint ~]# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: LENOVO
        Product Name: 9637C76
        Version: ThinkCentre M55e
        Serial Number: L9BT188
        UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE
        Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored
        SKU Number: Not Specified
        Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
        Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here.

Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes
System Event Log
        Area Length: 432 bytes
        Header Start Offset: 0x0000
        Header Length: 16 bytes
        Data Start Offset: 0x0010
        Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
        Access Address: 0x0000
        Status: Valid, Not Full
        Change Token: 0x0000001A
        Header Format: Type 1
        Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
        Descriptor 1: POST error
        Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
        Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
        Data Format 2: Multiple-event
        Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
        Data Format 3: Multiple-event

Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
        Status: Enabled
        Watchdog Timer: Present
        Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
        Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
        Reset Count: Unknown
        Reset Limit: Unknown
        Timer Interval: Unknown
        Timeout: Unknown

Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
        Status:

5. dmidecode list code

	Type   Information
		----------------------------------------
          0		BIOS
          1		System
          2		Base Board
          3		Chassis
          4		Processor
          5		Memory Controller
          6		Memory Module
          7		Cache
          8		Port Connector
          9		System Slots
         10		On Board Devices
         11		OEM Strings
         12		System Configuration Options
         13		BIOS Language
         14		Group Associations
         15		System Event Log
         16		Physical Memory Array
         17		Memory Device
         18		32-bit Memory Error
         19		Memory Array Mapped Address
         20		Memory Device Mapped Address
         21		Built-in Pointing Device
         22		Portable Battery
         23		System Reset
         24		Hardware Security
         25		System Power Controls
         26		Voltage Probe
         27		Cooling Device
         28		Temperature Probe
         29		Electrical Current Probe
         30		Out-of-band Remote Access
         31		Boot Integrity Services
         32		System Boot
         33		64-bit Memory Error
         34		Management Device
         35		Management Device Component
         36		Management Device Threshold Data
         37		Memory Channel
         38		IPMI Device
         39		Power Supply
	Keyword     Types
       ------------------------------
       bios        0, 13
       system      1, 12, 15, 23, 32
       baseboard   2, 10
       chassis     3
       processor   4
       memory      5, 6, 16, 17
       cache       7
       connector   8
       slot        9

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